Iivalvu zaselwandle zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwisiseko senqanawa, eziyilelwe ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi olwandle ukungena nokuphuma kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezisebhodini. Imisebenzi yabo ephambili iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenqanawa ngelixa elwandle. Ngezantsi, siphonononga izizathu zokuba kutheni iinqanawa zixhotyiswe ngeevalvu zaselwandle kunye neendima ezibalulekileyo ezizidlalayo.
1. Ukungeniswa kwamanzi kwiiNkqubo eziBalulekileyo
Iinqanawa zithembele kumanzi olwandle kwiinkqubo ezininzi zebhodi, kubandakanywa iinjini zokupholisa, iinkqubo zokusebenza ze-ballast, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zokucima umlilo. Iivalvu zaselwandle zilawula ukungena kwamanzi olwandle kwezi nkqubo, ziqinisekisa ukuhamba okulawulwayo nokufanelekileyo. Njengokuba:
- Iinkqubo zokupholisa: Iinjini kunye nabanye oomatshini bafuna amanzi olwandle ukuze asuse ubushushu kwaye agcine amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo okusebenza.
- Iinkqubo zeBallast: Amanzi olwandle ampontshelwa kwiitanki ze-ballast ngeevalvu zaselwandle ukuze kugcinwe uzinzo ngexesha leemeko ezahlukeneyo zokulayisha.
- Iinkqubo Zokucima Umlilo: Iimpompo ezininzi zokucima umlilo zaselwandle zitsala amanzi ngokuthe ngqo elwandle, kwaye izivalo zolwandle zilawula le nkqubo.
2. Ukukhutshwa kwaManzi amdaka eNdleleni kunye noGutyulo
Iivalvu zaselwandle zivumela ukukhutshelwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwamanzi amdaka acociweyo, amanzi amdaka, okanye ulwelo olugqithisileyo. Bexhotyiswe ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo imimiselo yendalo esingqongileyo, baqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezingcolisa indalo zilawulwa ngenkathalo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Iinkqubo ze-Bilge: Amanzi agqithisileyo aqokelelana kwibilge yenqanawa ampontshelwa ngaphezulu ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhupha ezilawulwa ziivalvu zaselwandle.
- Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okupholisa: Emva kokujikeleza kwiinkqubo zokupholisa, amanzi olwandle agxothwa abuyele elwandle.
3. IiNdlela eziNgxamisekileyo kunye nezoKhuseleko
Iivalvu zaselwandle zibalulekile kwiindlela zokhuseleko lwenqanawa, ngakumbi kwiimeko zonxunguphalo. Benza ukuba kube yedwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuhanjiswa kwakhona kwamanzi, ukunciphisa umonakalo.
- Uthintelo lwezandyondyo: Xa kuthe konakaliswa i-hull, iivalvu ezithile zolwandle zinokuwahlulahlula amacandelo achaphazelekileyo, zithintele ezinye izikhukhula.
- Iivalvu zeSiphango: Iivalvu zaselwandle ezikhethekileyo, njengeevalvu zesiphango, zikhusela ekungeneni ngasemva kunye nokungena kwamanzi ngexesha leemeko zolwandle ezimagingxigingxi.
4. Ukuchasana nokuMhlwa kunye nokuthembeka kwiNdawo eziBungqwabalala
Ngenxa yokuvezwa kwabo kumanzi anetyuwa kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo, iivalvu ze-narine zenziwa ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukutyiwa njengebronze, intsimbi engatyiwa, okanye iialloyi ezikhethekileyo. Uyilo lwabo luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokugcina kunye nokwandisa ubomi beenkqubo zeenqanawa.
5. Ukuthotyelwa kwemo yendalo esingqongileyo kunye noLawulo
Iivalvu zaselwandle zanamhlanje zenzelwe ukuthobela imithetho yaselwandle yamazwe ngamazwe, kubandakanywa i-MARPOL kunye ne-Ballast Water Management Conventions. Le mimiselo igunyazisa uthintelo longcoliseko kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamanzi e-ballast ukunciphisa impembelelo yendalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-20-2024